Some modules are compatible with a later version of Drupal, but a release hasn't been made that allows it.
Composer will refuse to install modules without a compatible version, even if the module code is fine.
You can find many issues in contrib modules with patches to update the version, but are waiting on a maintainer to commit. These are tricky to install without using this repository - you would have to download and patch them manually, or create an issue fork and add it as a repository to your composer.json.
The Drupal documentation talks about a lenient repository: https://www.drupal.org/docs/develop/using-composer/using-drupals-lenient-composer-endpoint
But it appears that is deprecated, and the latest is this one: https://github.com/mglaman/composer-drupal-lenient